中國【百家姓】: 姓氏的起源 / The Hundred Chinese Family Surnames: The Origin

根據【中華人網】: 《中華百家姓一覽》
　
"..... 「姓氏」在現代漢語中是一個詞，但在秦漢以前，姓和氏有明顯的區別。姓源於母系社會，同一個姓表示同一個母系的血緣關係。中國最早的姓，大都從「女」旁，如：姜，姚，姒，媯，嬴等，表示這是一些不同的老祖母傳下的氏族人群。而氏的產生則在姓之後，是按父系來標識血緣關係的結果，這只能在父權家長制確立時才有可能。因此，當我們讀到「黃帝軒轅氏，姬姓」以及「炎帝列山氏，薑姓」時，可以明白，中華民族共同始祖炎黃二帝原分屬兩個按母系血緣關係組織起來的部落或部落聯盟，一姓薑，一姓姬，而他們又分別擁有表示自己父權家長制首領的氏稱;列山，軒轅。姓和氏有嚴格區別又同時使用的的局面表明，母權制已讓位於父權制，但母系社會的影響還存在，這種影響一直到春秋戰國以後才逐漸消亡。

《百家姓》本是北宋初年(約公元960年)錢塘(杭州)的一個書生所編撰的蒙學讀物，將常見的姓氏篇成四字一句的韻文，像一首四言詩，便與誦讀和記憶，因此，流傳至今，影響極深。《百家姓》本來收集四百一十一個經贈補到五百零四個姓，其中單因姓四百四十四個，複姓六十個。....."

当然,宋朝那四字一句的《百家姓》是以韻成文,沒有排名先後,不過根據【維基百科】,近代有學者推測,那首一百個最常用的姓氏,次序应排列如下：

".... 宋朝(960年─1279年)

王，李，張，趙，劉，陳，楊，吳，黃，朱，孫，郭，胡，呂，高，宋，徐，程，林，鄭，范，何，韓，曹，馬，許，田，馮，杜，周，曾，汪，蘇，董，方，蔡，梁，石，謝，賈，薛，彭，崔，唐，潘，鄧，任，史，錢，侯，魏，羅，葉，沈，孟，姚，傅，丁，章，蕭，蔣，盧，陸，袁，江，晁，譚，邵，歐陽，孔，詹，俞，尹，廖，閻，洪，夏，雷，葛，文，柳，陶，毛，丘，龔，康，蒲，邢，郝，龐，安，裴，折，施，游，金，鄒，湯，虞，嚴，鍾。...."

当然,現在中華民族的《百家姓》排名次序,又是和宋朝的版本大有出入。

".... 2007年4月2007年中國公安部對全國戶籍人口的最新統計：王姓成為中國大陸第一大姓，有9288.1萬人，佔中國人口總數的7.25％。這個排名跟2006年1月中國科學院的統計有差別。

王，李，張，劉，陳，楊，黃，趙，吳，周， 徐，孫，馬，朱，胡，郭，何，高，林，羅， 鄭，梁，謝，宋，唐，許，韓，馮，鄧，曹， 彭，曾，肖，田，董，袁，潘，于，蔣，蔡， 余，杜，葉，程，蘇，魏，呂，丁，任，沈， 姚，盧，姜，崔，鍾，譚，陸，汪，范，金， 石，廖，賈，夏，韋，傅，方，白，鄒，孟， 熊，秦，邱，江，尹，薛，閆，段，雷，侯， 龍，史，陶，黎，賀，顧，毛，郝，龔，邵， 萬、錢、嚴、覃，武，戴，莫，孔，向，湯。...."

為了作更深一步的硏究,我在此貼上兩集 YouTube 視頻,以供各位讀者參考。不知道您能不能夠像片中那小學生一樣,將400多個《百家姓》順序一字不漏地唱讀出來!!





以下是朋友用電郵寄來,有關中國姓氏起源的資料,各位有興趣的可以用它來「查自己家宅」。

http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/001.htm 趙
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/002.htm 錢
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/003.htm 孫
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/004.htm 李
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/005.htm 周
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/006.htm 吳
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/007.htm 鄭
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/008.htm 王
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/009.htm 馮
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/010.htm 陳
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/011.htm 褚
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/012.htm 衛
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/013.htm 蔣
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/014.htm 沈
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/015.htm 韓
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/016.htm 楊
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/017.htm 朱
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/018.htm 秦
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/019.htm 尤
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/020.htm 許
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/021.htm 何
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/022.htm 呂
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/023.htm 施
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/024.htm 張
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/025.htm 孔
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/026.htm 曹
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/027.htm 嚴
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/028.htm 華
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/029.htm 金
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/030.htm 魏
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/031.htm 陶
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/032.htm 薑
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/033.htm 戚
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/034.htm 謝
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/035.htm 鄒
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/036.htm 喻
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/037.htm 柏
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/038.htm 水
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/039.htm 竇
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/040.htm 章
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/041.htm 雲
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/042.htm 蘇
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/043.htm 潘
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/044.htm 葛
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/045.htm 奚
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/046.htm 範
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/047.htm 彭
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/048.htm 郎
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/049.htm 魯
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/050.htm 韋
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/051.htm 昌
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/052.htm 馬
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/053.htm 苗
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/054.htm 鳳
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/055.htm 花
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/056.htm 方
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/057.htm 俞
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/058.htm 任
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/059.htm 袁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/060.htm 柳
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/061.htm 酆
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/062.htm 鮑
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/063.htm 史
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/064.htm 唐
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/065.htm 費
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/066.htm 廉
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/067.htm 岑
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/068.htm 薛
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/069.htm 雷
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/070.htm 賀
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/071.htm 倪
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/072.htm 湯
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/073.htm 滕
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/074.htm 殷
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/075.htm 羅
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/076.htm 畢
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/077.htm 郝
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/078.htm 鄔
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/079.htm 安
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/080.htm 常
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/081.htm 樂
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/082.htm 於
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/083.htm 時
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/084.htm 傅
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/085.htm 皮
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/086.htm 卞
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/087.htm 齊
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/088.htm 康
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/089.htm 伍
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/090.htm 餘
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/091.htm 元
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/092.htm 蔔
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/093.htm 顧
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/094.htm 孟
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/095.htm 平
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/096.htm 黃
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/097.htm 和
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/098.htm 穆
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/099.htm 蕭
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/100.htm 尹
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/101.htm 姚
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/102.htm 邵
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/103.htm 湛
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/104.htm 汪
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/105.htm 祁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/106.htm 毛
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/107.htm 禹
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/108.htm 狄
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/109.htm 米
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/110.htm 貝
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/111.htm 明
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/112.htm 臧
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/113.htm 計
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/114.htm 伏
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/115.htm 成
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/116.htm 戴
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/117.htm 談
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/118.htm 宋
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/119.htm 茅
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/120.htm 龐
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/121.htm 熊
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/122.htm 紀
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/123.htm 舒
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/124.htm 屈
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/125.htm 項
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/126.htm 祝
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/127.htm 董
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/128.htm 梁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/129.htm 杜
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/130.htm 阮
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/131.htm 藍
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/132.htm 閔
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/133.htm 席
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/134.htm 季
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/135.htm 麻
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/136.htm 強
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/137.htm 賈
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/138.htm 路
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/139.htm 婁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/140.htm 危
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/141.htm 江
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/142.htm 童
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/143.htm 顏
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/144.htm 郭
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/145.htm 梅
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/146.htm 盛
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/147.htm 林
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/148.htm 刁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/149.htm 鍾
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/150.htm 徐
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/151.htm 邱
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/152.htm 駱
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/153.htm 高
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/154.htm 夏
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/155.htm 蔡
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/156.htm 田
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/157.htm 樊
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/158.htm 胡
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/159.htm 淩
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/160.htm 霍
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/161.htm 虞
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/162.htm 萬
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/163.htm 支
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/164.htm 柯
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/165.htm 昝
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/166.htm 管
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/167.htm 盧
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/168.htm 莫
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/169.htm 柯
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/170.htm 房
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/171.htm 裘
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/172.htm 繆
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/173.htm 幹
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/174.htm 解
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/175.htm 應
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/176.htm 宗
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/177.htm 丁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/178.htm 宣
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/179.htm 賁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/180.htm 鄧
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/181.htm 鬱
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/182.htm 單
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/183.htm 杭
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/184.htm 洪
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/185.htm 包
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/186.htm 諸
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/187.htm 左
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/188.htm 石
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/189.htm 崔
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/190.htm 吉
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/191.htm 鈕
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/192.htm 龔
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/193.htm 程
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/194.htm 嵇
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/195.htm 邢
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/196.htm 滑
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/197.htm 裴
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/198.htm 陸
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/199.htm 榮
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/200.htm 翁
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/201.htm 荀
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/202.htm 羊
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/203.htm 於
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/204.htm 惠
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/205.htm 甄
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/206.htm 曲
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/207.htm 家
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/208.htm 封
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/209.htm 芮
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/210.htm 羿
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/211.htm 儲
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/212.htm 靳
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/213.htm 汲
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/214.htm 邴
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/215.htm 糜
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/216.htm 松
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/217.htm 井
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/218.htm 段
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/219.htm 富
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/220.htm 巫
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/221.htm 烏
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/222.htm 焦
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/223.htm 巴
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/224.htm 弓
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/225.htm 牧
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/226.htm 隗
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/227.htm 山
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/228.htm 穀
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/229.htm 車
http://www.greatchinese.com/surname/230.htm 侯

References / Related links:

* Wikipedia: The Hundred Family Surnames(百家姓) is a classic Chinese text composed of common surnames in ancient China. The book was composed in the early Song Dynasty. It originally contained 411 surnames, but was later expanded to 504. Of these, 444 are single-character surnames, and 60 are double-character surnames. About 800 names have been derived from the original ones.

《百家姓》是一本關於中文姓氏的書，成書於北宋初。原收集姓氏411個，後增補到504個，其中單姓444個，複姓60個。《百家姓》的次序不是各姓氏人口實際排列，是因為讀來順口，易學好記。《百家姓》與《三字經》、《千字文》並稱「三百千」，是中國古代幼兒的啟蒙讀物。「趙錢孫李」成為《百家姓》前四姓是因為百家姓形成於宋朝的吳越錢塘地區，故而宋朝皇帝的趙氏、吳越國國王錢氏、吳越國王錢俶正妃孫氏以及南唐國王李氏成為百家姓前四位。王明清《玉照新志》記載：「如市井間所印《百家姓》，（王）明清嘗詳考之，以是兩浙錢氏有國時小民所著，何則？其首云：『趙錢孫李』，蓋錢氏奉正朔，趙本朝國姓，所以錢次之；孫乃忠懿（錢）之正妃；又其次，則江南李氏。次句云『周吳鄭王』皆武肅而下后妃。」。

* Wikipedia: 中文姓氏羅馬字標注

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**** UPDATED　２０１１０５０１ ****

請參看網友Space兩篇有關姓氏的文章:

http://mindnecessity.blogspot.com/2010/01/20064100171180.html

http://mindnecessity.blogspot.com/2010/07/19341-29-19358-32419362-19521953195412.html